Distribution of write error rate of spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory caused by a distribution of junction parameters

Distribution of write error rate (WER) of spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT MRAM) caused by a distribution of resistance area product and anisotropy constant is theoretically studied. Assuming that WER is much smaller than unity, and junction parameters obey a normal distribution, we show that the WER obeys a logarithmic normal distribution. We derive analytical expressions for the probability density function and statistical measures. We find that the coefficient of variation of WER can be reduced by decreasing the pulse width. We also perform numerical simulations based on the Fokker–Planck equation and confirm the validity of the analytical expressions. The results are useful for designing reliable STT MRAMs.