Intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells: Characteristics, spatial heterogeneity, age-related dynamics, and roles in disease regulation

BACKGROUND: cells play a pivotal role in maintaining mucosal immunity, exhibiting phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in different intestinal compartments and in response to aging and pathological conditions. AIM OF REVIEW: cells provide avenues for targeted therapies in intestinal diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and interventions to delay intestinal aging.