Tailoring Versatile Nanoheterojunction-Incorporated Hydrogel Dressing for Wound Bacterial Biofilm Infection Theranostics

-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (GelMA/PHEAA)-based tough and sticky hydrogel dressing (GH-C@Z) to achieve wound biofilm infection-integrated theranostic application. Stimulated by the acidic microenvironment of the biofilm, the turn-on response of the C@Z in the dressing assists the biofilm infection monitoring by exhibiting cyan fluorescence. Meanwhile, C@Z can effectively destroy the EPS barrier and accomplish photothermal-photodynamic-ion interference synergistic antibacterial therapy under near-infrared light. Furthermore, after the effective eradication of biofilm, the potent antioxidant properties of released Er:CDs allow the dressing to attenuate reactive oxygen species and mitigate inflammatory responses, which finally promote collagen deposition and neovascularization to accelerate wound healing. Overall, this tailored wound dressing provides insight into the development of versatile diagnostic and therapeutic platforms for bacterial biofilm infections.