Effects of taurine supplementation on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Taurine is recognised for its neuroprotective effects, however, its potential role on cognition remains controversial. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine on cognition in both cognitively impaired and non-impaired populations. Electronic databases was searched up to January 2025 according to eligibility criteria. A total of 7 RCTs with 9 intervention trials involving 402 individuals were included. Taurine, administered alone or in combination with exercise training, did not exhibit significant effects in cognitive scores. Compared with therapeutic drugs alone, the combination of taurine and therapeutic drugs did not produce greater improvements in cognitive performance, however, subgroup analysis indicated that this combination resulted in significant enhancements in the Mini-Mental State Examination (WMD = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.29-3.90). Overall, the findings of the present meta-analysis do not provide sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of taurine supplementation in enhancing cognitive function.