Self-consistent model and numerical approach for laser-induced non-equilibrium plasma

This paper presents a self-consistent multi-dimensional mathematical model and a numerical approach for simulating the low-temperature plasma induced by the femtosecond laser filament. Addressing limitations in current models, we analyze key aspects of the laser plasma behavior, including plasma generation, detailed chemical kinetics, energy exchange channels, total energy balance, and hydrodynamics. The developed model and LOTASFOAM code are applied to study the temporal and spatial decay of the plasma produced by a femtosecond laser pulse in pure nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The paper also includes a discussion on the spatial and temporal dynamics of electronically excited states of nitrogen in the decaying laser plasma.