Electrochemical sensor based on gum Arabic nanoparticles for rapid and in-situ detection of different heavy metals in real samples

Abstract

The key solution to combat trace metal pollution and keep the environment, ecosystem, animals, and humans safe is earlier and rapid trace metal detection. For all these reasons, we propose in this work the design of a simple electrochemical sensor functionalized with green nanoparticles for electrochemical detection of the fourth most dangerous heavy metal ions namely copper, zinc, lead, and mercury. The green nanoparticles are fabricated by a one-step, consisting of reducing platinum nanoparticles by a natural gum Arabic polymer. To guarantee the success of these nanoparticles' design, the nanoparticles have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, and thermogravimetric TGA techniques. While, for the electrochemical characterization, we have adopted cyclic voltammetry CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS to control different steps of surface modification, and the differential pulse anodic stripping DPAS was monitored to follow up the electrochemical detection of different heavy metals.

Results

have confirmed the good chemical and physical properties of the elaborated nanoparticles. As, the developed sensor showed a specific electrochemical response toward the heavy metal ions separately, with a lower limit of detection lower LOD than that recommended by the World Health Organization, in order of 9.6 ppb for Cu²⁺, 1.9 ppb for Zn²⁺, 0.9 ppb for Hg²⁺, and 4.2 ppb for Pb²⁺. Impressively, the elaborated sensor has demonstrated also high stability, outstanding sensitivity, and excellent analytical performance. In addition, the elaborated analytical tool has been successfully applied to the determination of various heavy metal ions in real samples, reflecting then its promising prospect in practical application.