Mobile medial pivot (lateral slide)‐type total knee arthroplasty exhibited different motion patterns between under anaesthesia and weight‐bearing condition

Abstract Purpose Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which has medial pivot and mobile‐bearing mechanisms, has been developed and clinically used. However, the in vivo dynamic kinematics of the mobile medial pivot‐type TKA (MMPTKA) is unclear. This study analysed the in vivo kinematics of MMPTKA in weight‐bearing and nonweight‐bearing conditions. Methods The study included 10 knees that underwent primary TKA using MMPTKA. After TKA, lateral view radiographs of the knee in full extension, 90° of flexion and passive full flexion were taken under general anaesthesia in the nonweight‐bearing condition. At least 6 months postoperatively, knee motion during squatting from a weight‐bearing standing position was observed using a flat‐panel detector and analysed using the three‐dimensional‐to‐two‐dimensional image registration technique. Results Under anaesthesia: in passive full flexion, the anteroposterior (AP) locations of the femoral component's medial and lateral distal points were 10.2 and 16.0 mm posterior, and the rotational angles of the femoral component's X ‐axis (FCX) and insert were 8.1° external rotation and 18.5° internal rotation to full extension, respectively. Squatting: the AP translations of the femoral component's medial and lateral most distal points were 2.2 and 6.4 mm, and the rotational angles of the FCX and insert were 5.7° and 1.6° external rotation, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the AP translation of the femoral component's medial and lateral most distal points and changes in the insert's rotational angle when comparing under anaesthesia and squatting. Conclusions The kinematics of the insert in MMPTKA was significantly influenced by loading and muscle contraction. The femoral component exhibited substantial external rotation and posterior translation under anaesthesia, which may contribute to achieving an optimal range of motion. The insert remained relatively stable during squatting and minimal rotation was observed, indicating good stability. MMPTKA was expected to demonstrate rational kinematics by incorporating mobile and medial pivot mechanisms. Level of Evidence Level IV, prospective biomechanical case series study.