Introduction and general aspects glycosides and disaccharides oligosaccharides ethers and anhydro-sugars acetals esters halogeno-sugars amino-sugars miscellaneous nitrogen derivatives thio- and seleno-sugars deoxy-sugars unsaturated derivatives branched-chain sugars aldosuloses, dialdoses and diuloses sugar acids and lactones inorganic derivatives alditols and cyclitols antibiotics nucleosides NMR spectroscopy and conformational features other physical methods separatory and analytical methods synthesis of enantiomerically pure non-carbohydrate compounds.