Characterisation of mechanisms involved in hatching of the potato cyst nematode

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important foods in the world. Estimates of yield losses in potato production have concluded that potato cyst nematode (PCN) is responsible for tuber losses of 9 % per annum. Attack of PCN is without doubt one of the most serious pest problems in the Swedish potato cultivation and also in other places around the world. Because of this it is of great importance to try to develop a control method. This can be done by studying nematodes complex hatching mechanism and find a way that alters the nematodes hatching mechanism.\n\nIn Sweden there are currently two species of PCN, the golden potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) and the white potato cyst nematode (G. pallida), both of which are obligate parasites of the family Solanaceae. Potato is the most important host plant, followed by tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), aubergine (Solanum melongena) and different weeds in the family Solanaceae, which ensures that nematodes survive even if the potato is not present. \n\nThis review of the literature examined some of the factors affecting PCN hatching factors, e.g. potato root diffusate (PRD), temperature, soil, potato cultivars, biotic factors and signals between plant and organism. \nAccording to the literature the white PCN hatches at lower temperatures than the yellow. This may be an advantage for the white PCN in a competitive situation in cold climates. It is important to note that the white and yellow PCN differ in some hatching factors even if they are closely related species. This enables them to develop differently and have different reproductive abilities. The hatching mechanism of the white and yellow is equal. Both PCN- species must be stimulated with the PRD to hatch. PRD is the most important factor in the hatching mechanism because it initiates a response in juveniles.\n