Green direct recycling of spent LiFePO 4 via electronic structure reconstruction and reinforced Fe–O d–p orbital hybridization for enhanced energy storage performance

A mild, low-energy LiI-assisted route regenerates spent LFP by replenishing Li, eliminating Fe–Li antisite defects and rebuilding Li + channels, while strengthened Fe–O d–p hybridization stabilizes the framework for sustainable cathode recycling.