A nanoscale cascade system integrating calcium interference with phototherapy–chemotherapy synergy for enhanced antitumor efficacy

π-π stacking, demonstrates dual pH- and NIR-responsive release characteristics. The released DOX acted in concert with the photothermal effect generated by PDA/PB, collectively inflicting irreversible damage on cancer cells. In summary, this study provides a novel pathway for developing simple and efficient multimodal combined antitumor strategies.