Research Progress on the Extraction, Bioactivity and Development and Utilization of Jujube Polysaccharides

Jujube polysaccharides, as important bioactive components, have attracted extensive attention due to their multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, immune regulation, antioxidation, anti-tumor, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. However, at present, the processing of jujubes mainly relies on traditional methods, which leads to low industrial efficiency. There is great potential to increase the extraction rate of jujube polysaccharides to enhance their application in food, medicine and other fields. This article systematically reviewed the extraction techniques and bioactivity of jujube polysaccharides and the latest research progress in production and application fields. Based on traditional extraction techniques such as solvent extraction, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction, and enzymatic extraction, four emerging extraction methods, namely multi-technology combined extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, subcritical water extraction, and ultra-high pressure extraction, were listed. Then, the structure-activity relationship between the structure and biological activity of jujube polysaccharides was explored from aspects such as monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds and side chain groups, molecular weight and advanced structural characteristics. Finally, the application potential of jujube polysaccharides in food, medicine, cosmetics and post-harvest preservation was introduced, aiming to provide beneficial ideas for expanding the jujube industry chain.