Research Progress on Antler Regeneration and its Molecular Regulate

Deer antlers,derivatives of periosteum cells,are the only mammalian appendages capable of full renewal in yearly cycle.Antler regeneration along with the rapid generation of skin,blood vessels and nerves,and a variety of peptides and growth factors are involved,all of that are regulated by a series of complex and sophisticated signal pathways.This paper summarizes the histological progress of antler regeneration and the present research status of signaling pathways thereof,with a focus on signal transduction pathways to reveal the mystery of antler regeneration,with the aim to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of mammalian organ regeneration.