Objective To assess the clinical significance of autonomic nervous system(ANS) changes in patients with hyperthyroidism by studying the characteristics of the 24 hours' heart rate variability(HRV),and to do good to guiding treatment and estimating prognosis. Methods The 24 hours' Holter monitoring records were performed on 32 patients with hyperthyroidism and 35 normal controls.The autonomic nerve system function was analyzed by using the time and frequency domain index of the heart rate variation(HRV). Results The 24 h HRV level in hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in healthy control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.01). Conclusions Decreased level of HRV is an indicator of cardiovascular autonomic nervous system impairment in patients with hyperthyroidism.By detecting the change of HRV,controlling hyperthyroidism,and actively improving the autonomic nervous system function,it is a great significance for the preservation of damage to the heart in patients with hyperthyroidism.