Towards elevated perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) enrichment in water: Sequential liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment for ion chromatography detection

The widespread detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the environment has raised significant concerns. The standard PFOA analytical method relies on expensive solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instruments, making routine use prohibitive. We herein proposed a cost-effective yet novel enrichment method for determining PFOA at ng L