Water-soluble long afterglow carbon dots/silica composites for dual-channel detection of alkaline phosphatase and multi-level information anti-counterfeiting

composites have exceptional stability against strong oxidants, acids, bases, and polar solvents. The composites were successfully used in the dual-optical mode detection of alkaline phosphatase, as an anti-counterfeiting ink, and in multi-level information anti-counterfeiting and encryption.