Control strategy of solid oxide electrolysis cell operating temperature under real fluctuating renewable power

Power-to-liquid (PtL) technology through solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can efficiently convert renewable energy sources into synthetic fuels for long-time energy storage. However, due to its fluctuation and intermittence, renewable energy sources only produce time-varying currents, which directly impact the operating temperature of SOEC, generating high thermal stresses for SOEC and reducing its durability. To deal with this issue, a control-oriented SOEC dynamic model containing an electrochemical part, a reversible water gas shift (RWGS) part, and a thermodynamic part, was developed in this paper. Afterward, main control parameters, able to adjust SOEC operating temperature effectively, were determined through the Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST). The corresponding results show that the air flow rate was the best choice to control SOEC temperature when it works in a low current density case, while the fuel flow rate becomes optimal when SOEC operates in a high current case. Given this knowledge, an adaptive feedback control strategy was proposed to stabilize the operating temperature of SOEC in practice. In the end, the effectiveness of the proposed control was demonstrated through step signals of current in both low- and high-current density cases and an actual fluctuating current from real solar cells.