Structural-molecular features of the osteochondral unit of the femur head and the synovial membrane and characteristics of progression and relapse in different types of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is the most common joint pathology. As a degenerative disease, osteoarthritis can develop in any joint. Broad classification of osteoarthritis includes two main types such as primary and secondary osteoarthritis. Primary osteoarthritis is of idiopathic origin, i.e. its cause is unknown and is usually characterized by multiple joint damages. Secondary osteoarthritis, usually develops in one joint. Currently, there is no uniform clinical management of these injuries. In addition, it is known that the mentioned lesions are progressive in nature and relapse is possible after treatment. The histopathological and molecular characteristics of the progression of osteoarthritis are of great importance because the prognosis of these lesions cannot be determined only by clinical studies. Currently, available literature data on histopathological characteristics and molecular markers of osteoarthritis are very scarce. There is almost no literature on risk factors for osteoarthritis progression and relapse.