Not only COVID-19: a systematic review of anti-COVID-19 measures and their effect on healthcare-associated infections

BackgroundHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) burden healthcare globally. Amid the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, intensified infection control measures, such as mask usage and hand hygiene, were implemented. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of these measures in preventing HCAIs among hospitalized patients.MethodsUsing the PICO framework, the study focused on hospitalized patients and the effectiveness of anti-COVID-19 measures in preventing HCAIs. A systematic review of literature published in 2020-2021-2022 was conducted, examining interventions such as mask usage, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning.ResultsThis systematic review analyzed 42 studies: 2 in 2020, 21 in 2021 and 19 in 2022. Most studies were from high-income countries (28). Most studies (30 out of 42) reported a reduction in HCAIs after implementing anti-COVID-19 measures Gastrointestinal infections and respiratory tract infections showed significant reduction unlike bloodstream infections and urinary tract infections. Some wards, like cardiology and neurology, experienced reduced HCAIs, unlike intensive care units and coronary care units. We observed an increase in studies reporting no effect of hygiene measures on HCAIs in 2022, eventually indicating a shift in effectiveness over time.DiscussionAnti-COVID-19 measures have shown selective efficacy in preventing HCAIs. The study emphasizes the need for context-specific strategies and increased focus on regions with limited resources. Continued research is essential to refine infection control practices, especially in high-risk settings.