An ultrafast thermal-responsive, shape memory and solvent-driven Fe3+-alginate/poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-based hydrogel actuator

A Fe 3+ -sodium alginate/poly( N -isopropyl acrylamide) IPN hydrogel with ultrafast thermal response, shape memory function and solvent-driven behavior was prepared via a simple and convenient method of chemical and physical double crosslinking.