Revolutionizing DNAzyme Biosensors: Pioneering Strategies, Advanced Immobilization, Versatile Applications, and Future Frontiers

The hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is an amplification method recognized for detecting analytes present in trace quantities owing to its high specificity, sensitivity, and straightforward approach. Simultaneously, G-quadruplex DNAzymes augment HCR-based biosensors, serving as transducers due to their elevated catalytic activity and nonenzymatic methodology. The current review aims to provide readers with a critical overview of significant aspects of biosensors that utilize HCR for analyte detection amplification and G-quadruplex as transducers, focusing on the latest activities of global researchers. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify key research topics in HCR and G-quadruplex-based sensors. Further, the review aims to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy employed for detection using this sort of sensor. Specific sections have been included to critically evaluate the potential of these biosensors across many scientific domains. In conclusion, the limitations of the existing sensor that restrict its applicability in real-time scenarios have been identified for subsequent enhancement. Plausible strategies that could enhance these sensors and emerging scientific fields that could benefit from HCR and G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based sensors have been elucidated.