Structural Design Strategies for Advancing Sensing on Wearable Meta-Microneedle Bandages

Numerous studies on microneedles (MNs), an emerging noninvasive drug delivery technology, have been conducted to address the challenges associated with general medical devices that fail to combine comfort and performance. Owing to their high drug-loading capacity and innovative drug delivery mechanisms, self-responsive and sensing-integrated MN dressings show great promise in promoting the healing of various wounds, both superficial and deep. Unlike existing reviews on MN dressings, our focus is uniquely on the structural design strategies of MN bandages for improving wound sensing efficiency, which can promote personalized treatment and reduce costs. Additionally, we provide insights into biosensing and discuss the potential value of MNs with diverse structures and biosensing functionalities in wound healing, while also addressing future challenges and research directions.