Post Polyketide Synthase Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Type-II PKS-Derived Natural Products from Streptomyces venezuelae

Polyketide synthase (PKS) derived natural products are biosynthesized by head-to-tail addition of acetate and malonate extender units resulting in linear extended-polyketide chains. Despite the well-documented structural diversity associated with PKS-derived natural products, C-C chain branching deviating from the usual linear pattern is relatively rare. Herein, type-II PKS angucyclic natural products containing a hemiaminal functionality were identified and proposed as the parent of a series of C-C-branched analogues. These C-C linked acetate or pyruvate branching units were located at the α-positions on the extended polyketide chains of jadomycins incorporating 3- and 4-aminomethylbenzoic acids. Labeling studies utilizing [1-¹³C]-d-glucose provided mechanistic evidence that the C-C bond formation occurred as a result of a previously unidentified post-PKS processing, additional to the enzymes encoded within the biosynthetic gene cluster. Selected compounds were evaluated in cytotoxic or antimicrobial assays.