Rolling mill nondestructive inspection needs are discussed with particular emphasis on the detection of piping. The use of automatic ultrasonic inspection is discussed to demonstrate inspection improvements in relation to on-line speed and good quality control. Descriptions and specifications for prototype ultrasonic testing machines for blooms, billets, and slabs are given. A sketch of the bloom testing machine is provided, and arrangement of the ultrasonic probes is shown. The machine incorporates a marking system that provides identification for three different types of defects.