Role of high-mobility group box 1 in cancer.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein in most eukaryocytes. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 plays an important role in several DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription, telomere maintenance, and genome stability. While outside the nucleus, it fulfils more complicated functions, including promoting cell proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune tolerance and immune escape, which may play a pro-tumoral role.Meanwhile, HMGB1 acts as an anti-tumoral protein by regulating immune cell recruitment and inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) during the carcinogenesis process. Therefore, abnormal expression of HMGB1 is associated with oncogenesis, development, and metastasis of cancer, which may play a dual role of pro-tumor and anti-tumor.高迁移率族蛋白B1(high-mobility group box 1，HMGB1)是一种普遍存在于真核细胞中的非组核蛋白。在细胞核内的HMGB1主要参与DNA修复、转录、维持端粒酶的活性以及染色体稳定。释放至细胞核外的HMGB1在细胞的增殖、炎症、血管生成、免疫耐受、免疫逃逸中发挥促肿瘤作用；但又能活化和募集免疫细胞至肿瘤微环境中，诱导肿瘤细胞发生免疫原性细胞死亡，从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。HMGB1在多种肿瘤中异常表达，参与了肿瘤的发生、发展和转移，故推测它可能同时发挥促肿瘤和抗肿瘤的双重作用。.