Anodic Fabrication of Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O Nanotube Arrays

Highly ordered Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanotube arrays were fabricated through pulse anodic oxidation of Ti‐Nb‐Zr alloy in 1 M NaH 2 PO 4 containing 0.5 wt% HF electrolytes. The effect of anodization parameters and Zr content on the microstructure and composition of Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanotubes was investigated using a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. It was found that length of the Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanotubes increased with increase of Zr contents. The diameter and the length of Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanotubes could be controlled by pulse voltage. XRD analysis of Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O samples annealed at 500°C in air indicated that the (101) diffraction peaks shifted from 25.78° to 25.05° for annealed Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O samples with different Zr contents because of larger lattice parameter of Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O compared to that of undoped TiO 2 .