Advance on research of oncolytic vaccinia virus inhibits tumor cells

Oncolytic viruses are therapeutically useful anticancer viruses that will selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues with less (or without) causing harm to normal tissues. Several unique features of vaccinia virus make it an excellent choice as a gene delivery vehicle in vivo. Advantages of vaccinia virus include rapidly production of viral particles, widely host range, large capacity for foreign DNA accommodation, safety in human and highly efficient at spreading after infection. Oncolytic vaccine virus can selectively replicate within and lyse cancer cells, both based on their natural biology and through genetic engineering. Oncolytic virus therapies have the ability to target and destroy cancer cells by multiple complementary mechanisms. We write a brief review about the underlying mechanisms of vaccinia virus effect.