Bootstrap validation and its application in population pharmacokinetic studies with NONMEM

Model evaluation is essential for population pharmacokinetic studies.Internal validation includes data-splitting,cross-validation and bootstrapping.The wing for NONMEM(WFN) is a procedure based on the bootstrap core and combined with the NONMEM program.Parameter validation with WFN includes the robust rate,parameter estimate and 95% confidential interval.This article introduces the application of WFN in NONMEM population parameter evaluation as a convenient and useful process in population pharmacokinetic model validation.