A Stretchable, Transparent, Photothermally Stimulated Laser-Induced Graphene Patch for Noninvasive Skin Tumor Treatment

Melanoma causes over 80% of skin cancer-related deaths, with conventional therapies hampered by its aggressiveness, metastasis, and drug resistance. Noninvasive, biocompatible strategies are promising for next-generation cancer treatments. Herein, we developed a soft, stretchable laser-induced graphene (LIG)-Cu/PDMS patch, consisting of CuO-embedded LIG (active component) and biocompatible PDMS (flexible matrix). Chemically inert and breathable, the patch minimizes toxic side effects. Upon photothermal activation, it releases Cu²⁺ that accumulates in melanoma tissue. In a mouse model, two 1-h phototherapy sessions achieved effective tumor suppression within 10 days. Mechanistically, the patch enhances reactive oxygen species production, inducing apoptosis, cuproptosis, and ferroptosis. It also inhibits tumor invasion/metastasis and boosts antitumor immunity, with stable performance enabling multiple uses (energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable). This work demonstrates graphene-based materials' potential in cancer therapy via synergistic activation of multiple cell death pathways and efficacy in low-temperature phototherapy, expanding graphene's application in malignant tumor treatment and highlighting its clinical translation prospects.