Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Complex Molecular Mechanisms Underlying UV Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)

Plants have inherent tolerance to UV stress. However, very limited information is available about how wheat perceives and defends against UV disaster. To obtain the molecular mechanisms underlying UV tolerance of wheat, the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of ZN168 and ZKM138 with contrasting UV tolerance were characterized. Compared with ZKM138, ZN168 showed significantly less UV damage. High-throughput sequencing revealed that UV stress inhibited the expression of genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation and a less degree for ZN168 than ZKM138. The distinctive performance of ZN168 is mediated by the selective expression of genes involved in multiple defense responses. Besides, metabolome analysis on grains suggested that UV radiation had a significant effect on anthocyanin accumulation. This study will enable us to exploit genes pinpointed as the targets of genetic engineering, thereby improving the UV tolerance of wheat. Furthermore, the anthocyanin-enriched wheat can be excellent resources to act as functional food.