Improved development of mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by chlamydocin analogues, class I and IIa histone deacetylase inhibitors†

Abstract In mammalian cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the treatment of reconstructed embryos with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors improves efficiency. So far, most of those used for SCNT are hydroxamic acid derivatives—such as trichostatin A—characterized by their broad inhibitory spectrum. Here, we examined whether mouse SCNT efficiency could be improved using chlamydocin analogues, a family of newly designed agents that specifically inhibit class I and IIa HDACs. Development of SCNT-derived embryos in vitro and in vivo revealed that four out of five chlamydocin analogues tested could promote the development of cloned embryos. The highest pup rates (7.1–7.2%) were obtained with Ky-9, similar to those achieved with trichostatin A (7.2–7.3%). Thus, inhibition of class I and/or IIa HDACs in SCNT-derived embryos is enough for significant improvements in full-term development. In mouse SCNT, the exposure of reconstructed oocytes to HDAC inhibitors is limited to 8–10 h because longer inhibition with class I inhibitors causes a two-cell developmental block. Therefore, we used Ky-29, with higher selectivity for class IIa than class I HDACs for longer treatment of SCNT-derived embryos. As expected, 24-h treatment with Ky-29 up to the two-cell stage did not induce a developmental block, but the pup rate was not improved. This suggests that the one-cell stage is a critical period for improving SCNT cloning using HDAC inhibitors. Thus, chlamydocin analogues appear promising for understanding and improving the epigenetic status of mammalian SCNT-derived embryos through their specific inhibitory effects on HDACs.