Polytypes and twins in the diamond–lonsdaleite system formed by high-pressure and high-temperature treatment of graphite

As a result of the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment of graphite we obtained a powder containing diamond and lonsdaleite. The structure and properties of the powder were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). It was found that the synthesized material contains not only diamond nanoparticles, but also some relatively large (up to several nanometers) fragments of lonsdaleite. 4H and 6H polytypes were found in some of the diamond particles. Incoherent twin boundaries were observed in the diamond particle containing fragments of lonsdaleite.