MXenes for electromagnetic interference shielding: Experimental and theoretical perspectives

MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with unique intrinsic properties, including excellent electrical conductivity, 2D sheet morphology, lightweight, flexibility, tunable surface chemistry, and easy solution processability, thus attracting considerable attention as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. In this review, we demonstrate, from both experimental and theoretical perspectives, that the outstanding EMI shielding performance of MXenes is determined not only by its intrinsic properties but also by extrinsic modifications such as the introduction of dielectric inclusions, pores, or other designed structures. This review provides guidance for the efficient application of available resources, as well as insights into the challenges that should be addressed to develop more efficient and economical MXene based shielding materials for the advanced electronics industry of the future.