A review of electrochemical energy storage behaviors based on pristine metal–organic frameworks and their composites

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) fabricated via inorganic vertices and organic ligands have drawn increasing interest from research communities by reason of their diversity in construction and composition. Lately, MOFs have been demonstrated remarkable candidates in electrochemical energy storage fields and plenty of MOFs employed in electrochemical fields display fascinating performances. Herein, the synthesis strategies and applications of pristine MOFs and their composites in lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and supercapacitors are introduced. What’s more, we also briefly introduce the general mechanism of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and supercapacitors, and discuss the electrochemical mechanism in detail for specific materials. It is expected that this review will contribute to the forward advancement of pristine MOFs and their composites with outstanding electrochemical behaviors.