Modulation of cytotoxicity by consecutive adsorption of tannic acid and pesticides on surfactant functionalized zeolites

This study investigated the environmental application of FAU type zeolites modified with cationic surfactants (cetylpyridinium chloride, tetrapropylammonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride). Adsorbent characterization was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The efficiency for tannic acid adsorption from aqueous solution on the surface of prepared composites is studied and the adsorption process was modelled with different isotherm equations. Surfactant modifications of zeolites led to improved adsorption properties compared to FAU zeolites alone. The proposed mechanism controlling the adsorption of tannic acid onto surfactant modified zeolites mainly relies on π-π and hydrophobic interactions. The investigated materials are promising adsorbents for tannic acid and similar phenolics and may be important for environmental and dietary aspects of polyphenol persistence and usage. Further on, functionalized zeolites were studied for insecticide acetamiprid removal, prior to and after tannic acid retention. Promising findings of insecticide co-adsorption with tannic acid led to cytotoxicity evaluation. The cytotoxicity modulation effect of zeolites and tannic acid on acetamiprid points to the essential role of both components in insecticide toxicity reduction.