材料科学
弹性体
电容感应
电容
电容器
介电常数
复合材料
电介质
液态金属
介电弹性体
电极
变形(气象学)
触觉传感器
紧迫的
软机器人
压缩性
光电子学
执行机构
电气工程
机械
人工智能
电压
机器人
化学
物理化学
计算机科学
工程类
物理
作者
Jiayi Yang,David Tang,Jin‐Ping Ao,Tushar K. Ghosh,Taylor V. Neumann,Dongguang Zhang,Yegor Piskarev,Tingting Yu,Vi Khanh Truong,Kai Xie,Ying‐Chih Lai,Yang Li,Michael D. Dickey
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202002611
摘要
Abstract Soft, capacitive tactile (pressure) sensors are important for applications including human–machine interfaces, soft robots, and electronic skins. Such capacitors consist of two electrodes separated by a soft dielectric. Pressing the capacitor brings the electrodes closer together and thereby increases capacitance. Thus, sensitivity to a given force is maximized by using dielectric materials that are soft and have a high dielectric constant, yet such properties are often in conflict with each other. Here, a liquid metal elastomer foam (LMEF) is introduced that is extremely soft (elastic modulus 7.8 kPa), highly compressible (70% strain), and has a high permittivity. Compressing the LMEF displaces the air in the foam structure, increasing the permittivity over a large range (5.6–11.7). This is called “positive piezopermittivity.” Interestingly, it is discovered that the permittivity of such materials decreases (“negative piezopermittivity”) when compressed to large strain due to the geometric deformation of the liquid metal droplets. This mechanism is theoretically confirmed via electromagnetic theory, and finite element simulation. Using these materials, a soft tactile sensor with high sensitivity, high initial capacitance, and large capacitance change is demonstrated. In addition, a tactile sensor powered wirelessly (from 3 m away) with high power conversion efficiency (84%) is demonstrated.
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