Clinical Analysis of Bronchoscope Diagnosis and Treatment for Airway Foreign Body Removal in Pediatric Patients

Abstract Background: With the wide application and technical development of flexible and rigid bronchoscopy, the method of removing airway foreign body has developed from the single use of foreign body forceps to different techniques for different foreign bodies.Methods:Selected 633 children who were diagnosed as airway foreign bodies by the Department of Respiratory Intervention, Children's Hospital affiliated to Shandong University from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, and the airway foreign bodies were diagnosedvia bronchoscopy. After comprehensive evaluation about the nature of the foreign body in the airway, removed the foreign body with the foreign body forceps, freezing, laser, electrocoagulation, balloon and other techniques, observed the success rate of the foreign body removed from the airway, the percentage of the foreign body removed using different techniques, the operation time, and the incidence of post-adverse reactions during operation.Results:The success rate of using flexible bronchoscope alone to remove foreign bodies in the airway was 99.2%. After flexible bronchoscopy, 19 cases of foreign bodies were removed by vacuum suction alone, 513 cases were removed by foreign body forceps alone, 62 cases were combined with cryotherapy, 2 cases were electrocoagulation, 6 cases weremesh baskets, 3 cases were balloons, 5 cases were laser, and various 18 cases of foreign bodies were taken out by technical combination. 5 cases of flexible bronchoscope combined with rigid bronchoscope combined to remove foreign bodies. The operating time ranges from 5min-1h, with an average of 20minutes.There were 17 cases of hypoxemia (2.7%) during the operation, 36 cases (5.7%) of bleeding caused by airway mucosa injury after the treatment, and 70 cases (11.2%) of laryngeal edema. The total incidence of adverse reactions was 19.6%, there were no deaths due to foreign bodies and treatment.Conclusions According to the different properties of airway foreign bodies, it is safe and effective to select appropriate techniques to extract foreign bodies through the flexible bronchoscope, which can increase the removal rate of airway foreign bodies and reduce the occurrence of serious complications.