Robust LFC of Power Systems With Wind Power Under Packet Losses and Communication Delays

Network-induced packet losses and communication delays, as well as load fluctuations and uncertain wind power have a negative effect on the frequency regulation of power system. This paper is concerned with designing a robust load frequency control (LFC) scheme for a multi-area power system penetrated by wind power via sampled-data control. Firstly, considering the effects of the inertia reduction, packet losses, communication delays and measurement noise, a decentralized aperiodic sampled-data LFC model with time delay is constructed, where the maximum sampling interval is characterized by limiting the maximum count of successive packet losses (MCSPL). Secondly, by applying Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequality technique, a new exponential stability condition for the modeled LFC system with given controller is proposed based on a combination method of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and loop function, which is dependent on delay and MCSPL. It can be used to find the delay margin and allowable MCSPL of the LFC system. Thirdly, based on the $\mathcal {L}_{2}$ -gain performance condition developed by the stability condition above, a design method of robust PI-type controller is proposed by maximizing an exponential decay rate (EDR). The larger EDR, the faster frequency response speed to cope with the effect of inertia reduction, but the worse robustness to load fluctuations, packet losses and delays, and vice versa. Finally, case studies are carried out by a one-area power system and a three-area power system with wind power. By comparing with the existing LFC schemes, simulation results show that the proposed LFC scheme for the tested system is more effective and has better robustness.