Two-dimensional material-based printed photonics: a review

Abstract Functional inks based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have potential application in building new and commercially viable photonic devices via different printing techniques. Printed photonics using 2D material-based inks brings together the unique optical properties of 2D materials and different printing techniques in the fabrication of photonic devices that can revolutionize telecommunication, information technology, and computing. Understanding the need for a comprehensive guide for researchers using 2D material-based inks of printed photonics, we have compiled the essential concepts governing this field in this review. We begin with a discussion of the optical properties of 2D materials commonly used in photonic applications. The general properties of functional inks, and commonly used substrates compatible for printed photonics application are also listed. The printing methods commonly used in 2D material-based photonic device fabrication are explained, with a focus on inkjet printing, the most demonstrated method in this field. We have discussed a few examples of photonic devices printed with 2D material-based functional inks. Finally, our perspective on 2D materials that have the potential to improve the performance of photonic devices as well as build devices with new functionalities are listed.