A novel approach to three-way conflict analysis and resolution with Pythagorean fuzzy information

As a universal phenomenon, conflicts exist widely in various walks of life, such as politics, economic lives, military operations, and cultural exchanges. In order to sove more complex and uncertain-conflict problems than what is possible within the confinement of current knowledge, this paper proposes a three-way conflict analysis model and conflict-degree based decision-theoretic rough set model for conflict resolution under Pythagorean fuzzy information. Firstly, we define a novel conflict distance and conflict function with Pythagorean fuzzy information from the perspective of absolute and relative conflict. We examine respectively a trisection of the conflict relation between a pair of agents, that among agents, that among disputes, and that among alliances. We also introduce the concepts of maximal strong alliances and maximal weak alliances. All of these efforts are then used to explain the reason for the emergence of conflicts. Secondly, to find an optimal feasible strategy for a given conflict situation, we propose a Pythagorean fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set model based on conflict functions and define the score function for each feasible strategy. Finally, for verifying our proposed model, a three-way conflict analysis and resolution are employed to address a governance issue of a local government.