Recent Advances in the Fabrication of Nano-aptasensors for the Detection of Troponin as a Main Biomarker of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as the one of the main health threatening refers to reduced blood flow to the myocardium resulting in higher proportion of morbidity and mortality. Currently, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) which have been regarded as the main specific AMI-related biomarkers which was predominant in AMI. Recently, aptamer-based biosensors or aptasensors have attracted special attention to accessible and sensitive detection of cardiac troponin. Moreover, the nanomaterials (NMs)/aptamer conjugates have opened new prospects in high accuracy detection of cTnI and cTnT as nanoaptasensors. This review gathered a clear and concise statements of the recent advancement of the various types of optical and electrochemical-based aptasensors and nanoaptasensors that have been developed for determination of troponin. Subsequently, future perspectives and challenges of aptamer-based cTnI and cTnT detection are discussed briefly.