材料科学
曲折
焦耳加热
消散
导电体
电场
复合材料
电阻率和电导率
电阻式触摸屏
多孔性
电气工程
热力学
工程类
物理
量子力学
作者
Nancy Soliman,Nicolas Chanut,Vincent Deman,Zoe Lallas,Franz Josef Ulm
出处
期刊:Physical Review Materials
[American Physical Society]
日期:2020-12-09
卷期号:4 (12)
被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.125401
摘要
The emergence of multifunctional cement-based materials in the construction industry has the potential to shift the paradigm from strength-only performance to new functionalities enabled by electron conducting capabilities in one of the most material- and energy-intensive industry sectors worldwide. To enable such developments, we present results of a hybrid experimental-theoretical investigation of the electrical conductivity and resistive (Joule) heating of highly heterogeneous nanocarbon (nCB)--cement-based composites (pastes and mortars). By analogy with diffusivity, we find that electrical conductivity is determined by the electric tortuosity of a ``volumetric wiring'' permeating a highly heterogeneous matrix from percolation to saturation. From a combination of electrical conductivity and Joule heat rate measurements, we show that the electric energy dissipation at the origin of the Joule heating originates from spatial electric-field fluctuations, reminiscent of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We report that these fluctuations---in first order---are well captured by functional relations of the electric tortuosity of the composite material, and synthesize these observations into a first-order dissipation-tortuosity model. We suggest that harvesting the benefits of electron conducting cement-based materials, such as resistive heating, electromagnetic shielding, and energy storage, will ultimately focus on settling the competition between conductor concentration and electric tortuosity. Given the global environmental footprint of concrete, the results open venues for the sustainable development of concrete for existing and emerging green technology applications.
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