Hollow mesoporous carbon nitride nanosphere/three-dimensional graphene composite as high efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Hollow mesoporous carbon nitride nanosphere (HMCN) is firstly prepared via an etching route using hollow mesoporous silica as a sacrificial template. The as-obtained HMCN is a uniform spherical particle with a diameter of ∼300 nm,and possesses a high specific surface area up to 439 m2 g−1. Hollow mesoporous carbon nitride nanosphere/three-dimensional (3D) graphene composite (HMCN-G) is subsequently fabricated via a hydrothermal treatment of HMCN with graphene oxide. As an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the HMCN-G shows significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and HMCN in terms of the electron-transfer number, current density and onset potential. Increased density of catalytically active sites and improved accessibility to electrolyte enabled by the hollow and mesoporous architecture of HMCN, and high conductivity induced from graphene are considered to contribute to the remarkable electrocatalytic performance of the HMCN-G. Furthermore, HMCN-G exhibits superior methanol tolerance to Pt/C catalyst, suggesting that it is a promising metal-free electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).