INPUT, INTERACTION, AND SECOND‐LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

计算机科学 自然语言处理
作者
Michael H. Long
出处
期刊:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences [Wiley]
卷期号:379 (1): 259-278 被引量:1054
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb42014.x
摘要

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 379, Issue 1 p. 259-278 INPUT, INTERACTION, AND SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Michael H. Long, Michael H. Long Department of Educational Linguistics, Graduate School of Education University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this author Michael H. Long, Michael H. Long Department of Educational Linguistics, Graduate School of Education University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1981 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb42014.xCitations: 249AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Andersen, E. 1977. Learning to speak with style: a study of the sociolinguistic skills of children. Doctoral dissertation. Stanford University Department of Linguistics. Stanford , Calif . 2 Arthur, B., R. Weiner, M. Culver, Y. Lee & D. Thomas 1980. The register of impersonal discourse to foreigners: verbal adjustments to foreign accent. In Discourse Analysis in Second Language Research. D. Larsen-Freeman, Ed.: 111–124. Newbury House. Rowley , Mass . 3 Asher, J. 1969. The total physical response approach to second language learning. Mod. Lang. J. 53: 3–17. 4 Bard, B. & J. Sachs 1977. Language acquisition in two normal children of deaf parents. Paper presented to the Second Annual Boston Conference on Language Development, Boston , Mass. (ERIC #150 868.). 5 Campbell, C., W. Gaskill & S. Vander Brook 1977. Some aspects of foreigner talk. In Proceedings of the First Los Angeles Second Language Research Forum. C. R. Henning, Ed.: 94–106. University of California. Los Angeles , Calif . 6 Chan, B. L. & C. Choy 1980. Foreigner talk in Chinese. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia , Pa . (Unpublished.). 7 Chaudron, C. 1978. English as the medium of instruction in ESL classes: an initial report of a pilot study of the complexity of teachers' speech. Modern Language Center, OISE. University of Toronto. Toronto , Ontario , Canada . 8 Chaudron, C. 1979. Complexity of teacher speech and vocabulary explanation/elaboration. Paper presented at the Thirteenth Annual TESOL Convention, Boston , Mass. , March 2. 9 Chickinsky, I. 1980. Foreigner talk or foreigner register: a matter of time, place, speaker or listener? University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia , Pa. (Unpublished.). 10 Clyne, M. 1977. Multilingualism and pidginization in Australian industry. Ethnic Stud. 1: 40–55. 11 Clyne, M. 1978. Some remarks on foreigner talk. In Papers from the First Scandinavian German Symposium on the Language of Immigrant Workers and Their Children. N. Dittmar, H. Haberland, T. Skutnabbkangas & U. Teleman, Eds.: 155–162. Roskilde Universitetscenter, Linguistgrupper. Roskilde , Denmark . 12 Dutch Workgroup on Foreign Workers' Language. 1978. Nederlands tegen Buitenlanders. (Dutch addressed to foreigners.) Publication No. 18. Institute for General Linguistics. University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam , the Netherlands . 13 Ferguson, C. A. 1971. Absence of copula and the notion of simplicity. In Pidginization and Creolization of Language. D. Hymes, Ed.: 141–150. Cambridge University Press. London , England . 14 Ferguson, C. A. 1975. Towards a characterization of English foreigner talk. Anthropol. Linguistics 17: 1–14. 15 Fillmore, L. Wong. 1976. The second time around. Doctoral Dissertation. Stanford University. Stanford , Calif . 16 Freed, B. F. 1978. Foreigner talk: a study of speech adjustments made by native speakers of English in conversation with non-native speakers. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia , Pa . 17 Gaies, S. 1977. The nature of linguistic input in formal second language learning: linguistic and communicative strategies in teachers' classroom language. In On TESOL '77. Teaching and Learning English as a Second Language: Trends in Research and Practice. H. D. Brown, C. A. Yorio & R. H. Crymes, Eds.: 204–212. TESOL. Washington , D.C. . 18 Goody, E. N. 1978. Towards a theory of questions. In Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction. E. N. Goody, Ed.: 17–43. Cambridge University Press. London , England . 19 Hatch, E. M. 1978. Discourse analysis and second language acquisition. In Second Language Acquisition: A Book of Readings. E. M. Hatch, Ed.: 401–435. Newbury House. Rowley , Mass . 20 Hatch, E. M. 1978. Discourse analysis, speech acts, and second language acquisition. In Second Language Acquisition Research. W. Ritchie, Ed.: 137–156. Academic Press, Inc. New York , N.Y. . 21 Hatch, E. M., R. Shapira & J. Gough 1975. Foreigner talk discourse. Paper presented at the Second Language Acquisition Forum, University of California, Los Angeles , Calif. (Also 1978. Int. Rev. Appl. Linguistics: 39–60.). 22 Heidelberger Forschungsprojekt “Pidgin Deutsch.” 1978. The Unguided Learning of German by Spanish and Italian Workers. A Sociolinguistic Study. UNESCO. Paris , France . 23 Henzl, V. M. 1974. Linguistic register of foreign language instruction. Lang. Learn. 23 (2): 207–222. 24 Henzl, V. M. 1975. Speech of foreign language teachers: a sociolinguistic register analysis. Paper presented at the Fourth International AILA Conference, Stuttgart , Federal Republic of Germany , August. 25 Henzl, V. M. 1979. Foreigner talk in the classroom. Int. Rev. Appl. Linguistics 17 (2): 159–167. 26 Jones, M. & S. Quigley 1979. The acquisition of question formation in spoken Spanish and American sign language by two hearing children of deaf parents. J. Speech Hear. Dis. 44: 196–208. 27 Katz, J. T. 1977. Foreigner talk input in child second language acquisition: its form and function over time. In Proceedings of the First Los Angeles Second Language Research Forum. C. A. Henning, Ed.: 61–75. University of California. Los Angeles , Calif . 28 Krashen, S. 1980. The input hypothesis. In Current Issues in Bilingual Education. J. E. Alatis, Ed. Georgetown University Press. Washington , D.C. . 29 Long, M. H. 1980. Input, interaction, and second language acquisition. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California. Los Angeles , Calif . 30 Long, M. H. 1981. Questions in foreigner talk discourse. Lang. Learn. 31: 135–157. 31 Long, M. H. 1982. Prior foreigner talk experience and the negotiation of conversation with non-native speakers. Stud. Second Lang. Acquisition 5: 2. (In press.). 32 Long, M. H. & C. J. Sato Classroom foreigner talk discourse: forms and functions of teachers' questions. In Classroom Language Acquisition and Use: New Perspectives. H. Seliger & M. H. Long, Eds. Rowley , Mass . (In press.). 33 McCurdy, P. 1980. Talking to foreigners: the role of rapport. Doctoral Dissertation. University of California. Berkeley , Calif . 34 Meisel, J. M. 1977. Linguistic simplification: a study of immigrant workers' speech and foreigner talk. In Actes du 5eme Colloque de Linguistique Appliquee de Neuchatel. S. P. Corder & E. Roulet, Eds.: 88–113. AIMAV Didier. Paris , France . 35 Newport, E. 1976. Motherese: the speech of mothers to young children. In Cognitive Theory. N. Castellan, D. Pisoni & G. Potts, Eds. 2. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale , N.J. . 36 Ochs, E. 1980. Talking to children in Western Samoa. University of Southern California. Los Angeles , Calif . (Unpublished.). 37 Peck, S. 1978. Child-child discourse in second language acquisition. In Second Language Acquisition: A Book of Readings. E. M. Hatch, Ed.: 383–400. Newbury House. Rowley , Mass . 38 Ramamurti, R. 1977. How do Americans talk to me? University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia , Pa. (Unpublished.). 39 Sachs, J. & M. Johnson 1976. Language development in a hearing child of deaf parents. In Baby Talk and Infant Speech. W. Raffler-Engel & Y. Lebrun, Eds. Swets and Zeitlinger. Lisse , the Netherlands . 40 Sacks, H. & D. E. Schegloff 1974. Two preferences in the organization of reference to persons in conversation and their interactions. In Ethnomethodology, Labeling Theory and Deviant Behavior. N. H. Avison & R. J. Wilson, Eds. Routledge and Kegan Paul. London , England . 41 Scarcella, R. & C. Higa Input and age differences in second language acquisition. In Child-Adult Differences in Second Language Acquisition. S. Krashen, R. Scarcella & M. H. Long, Eds. Newbury House. Rowley , Mass . (In press.). 42 Schumann, J. H. 1978. The Pidginization Process. A Model for Second Language Acquisition. Newbury House. Rowley , Mass . 43 Snow, C. E. 1972. Mothers' speech to children learning language. Child Dev. 43: 549–565. 44 Snow, C. E., A. Arlman-Rupp, Y. Hassing, J. Jobse, J. Joosten & J. Vorster 1976. Mothers' speech in three social classes. J. Psycholinguistic Res. 5: 1–20. 45 Snow, C. E., R. van Eeden & P. Muysken The interactional origins of FT: municipal employees and foreign workers. Int. J. Sociol. Lang. (In press.). 46 Steyaert, M. 1977. A comparison of the speech of ESL teachers to native and non-native speakers of English. Paper presented at the winter meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Chicago , Ill . 47 Swain, M. 1981. Target language use in the wider environment as a factor in its acquisition. In New Dimensions in Second Language Acquisition Research. R. W. Andersen, Ed.: 109–122. Newbury House. Rowley , Mass . 48 Terrell, T. D. 1977. A natural approach to second language acquisition and learning. Mod. Lang. J. 61: 325–337. 49 Trager, S. 1978. The language of teaching: discourse analysis in beginning, intermediate and advanced ESL students, M.A. Thesis. University of Southern California. Los Angeles , Calif . 50 Valdman, A. 1976. L'effet de modeles culturels sur l'elaboration du language simplifie (Foreigner Talk). Paper presented at Colloque “Theoretical Models in Applied Linguistics” V. Université de Neuchatel, Neuchatel , France , May 19–22. 51 Larsen-Freeman, D. 1979. The importance of input in second language acquisition. Paper presented at the LSA winter meeting, Los Angeles , Calif. , December. Citing Literature Volume379, Issue1Native Language and Foreign Language AcquisitionDecember 1981Pages 259-278 ReferencesRelatedInformation

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