Objective To study the causes of bloody ascites.Methods Fifty-nine patients with bloody ascites were investigated for the causes of ascites.Results Among the 59 cases of bloody ascites,49 patients(83.5%) had different types of tumor,which was in the top of the causes for bloody ascites,in which 15 cases were primary hepatic carcinoma.Conclusion The causes of bloody ascites were varied,but tumor seems to be more prevalent,and primary hepatic carinoma was most common.