Progress on Methods for Increasing Microbial Culturability

自然界中的微生物具有非常丰富的物种多样性，具有巨大的资源利用价值。然而，目前为止，可以在实验室中培养的微生物总数只是自然界微生物多样性的一小部分，绝大多数微生物不能利用传统的培养技术和培养方法获得纯培养。本文简述了一些影响微生物可培养性的因素和近年来出现的一些新颖的微生物培养技术，重点介绍了通过改良微生物培养基的组成，改变微生物培养基的凝胶剂和改善微生物培养条件在提高微生物的可培养性方面取得的显著进展。这些方法的研究，显著提高了微生物的可培养性，分离和鉴定了许多微生物新种，丰富了微生物的物种多样性，为微生物资源的开发和利用奠定了基础。 Microorganisms in nature have a tremendous species diversity and high value of utilization. However, only a small proportion of microbes in nature can be cultured under laboratory conditions. That is because most microorganisms cannot be cultured under traditional cultivation methods and technologies. This review summarized the factors influencing culturability and new cultivation technologies, focusing on microbiological culture medium modification, gelling agent selection and the improvement culture condition. These technologies significantly increased microbial culturability, resulting in new microbial species isolation and identification, and consequently improved microbial species diversity. Applications of these technologies may exert great effect on microbial resource development.