Synthesis and Properties of Esterquats as Antibacterial Agent and Fabric Softener

Abstract A series of cationic surfactants, di-chained esterquat surfactants, was synthesized from triethanolamine, stearic acid and various alkylation agents by two step processes. The quaterisation was carried out with diethyl sulphate, benzyl chloride, 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, benzoyl chloride. The synthesized surfactants were confirmed by IR spectra. Surface properties, wetting time, softness and antibacterial activity of the synthesized surfactants were investigated. The results showed that the synthesized esterquats exhibit high surface activities, better wetting times and very good softening properties. A synthesized cationic surfactant was further prepared for formulation of hair conditioning and body care. This product can be used in formulations of shampoo, fabric softener and liquid soaps and also it does not have any harmful impact to aquatic life. Further, the synthesized surfactant, prepared from 1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, exhibit a better antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus . It was found that the alkylation agent and hydrocarbon chain length affected the results.