Burden of chronic respiratory diseases and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: Results from the global burden of disease study 2021

The global burden of CRDs remains both substantial and dynamic, underscoring the continued influence of risk factors such as tobacco use and household air pollution. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted public health interventions and more equitable healthcare resource allocation, particularly in low- and middle-SDI regions. Strengthened surveillance systems, improved access to care, and integrated strategies addressing both established and emerging risk factors are essential for reducing the global impact of CRDs.