Energy management strategy for low hydrogen consumption in hybrid power systems consisting of dual fuel cells and a single lithium battery

Low hydrogen consumption is an important objective for fuel cell power systems as it impacts both economic efficiency and continuous power supply. This paper addresses the optimization problem of minimizing hydrogen consumption in a hybrid power system comprising dual fuel cells and a single lithium battery. We introduce an energy management method for the multi-period synchronous optimization, incorporating a data processing module and power allocation module. The quasi-periodic loads are predicted using a modified gray-Markov chain model, while the optimization problem is solved using an adaptive constrained particle swarm optimization (ACPSO) algorithm. An initial swarm generation algorithm is introduced to enhance the effectiveness of ACPSO, and a power correction algorithm is integrated to address deviations between predicted and actual loads. The effectiveness and advantages in optimizing hydrogen consumption of the proposed strategy have been demonstrated through simulations and experiments.