A physics-based method for forecasting interwell connectivity using injection data

Subsurface characterization is important in managing large volumes of wastewater injection but is often time consuming because of complex subsurface properties and intricate geological structures, particularly in carbonate systems. This study aimed to develop a practical statistical method for qualitatively characterizing large-scale reservoir connectivity with multiple wells using only injection data. The method can help determine time-dependent interwell communication and perform field-wide analysis by simultaneously analyzing interferences from multiple wells, making it useful for subsurface characterization in petroleum operations without extensive time investment. As an example, we utilized daily injection rate and pressure data from 24 injection wells in the Midland Basin to test the model's robustness. The method successfully predicts the dominant pathways in an east-west direction, which is consistent with previous geologic characterization in the region, and significantly reduces the time required to construct simulation models. The method also highlights the variations in relative connectivity between wells at different injection time periods and provides suggestions for further investigation.